1. Introduction of different dosage forms. Their classification with examples their relative applications, familiarization with new drug delivery system.

2. Introduction to Pharmacopoeia with special reference to Indian pharmacopoeia.

3. Metrology- Systems of weight and measures. Calculation including conversions from one to another system. Percentage calculation and adjustments of products use of allegation method in calculations , isotonic solutions.

4. Packing of Pharmaceuticals- Desirable features of types of containers. Study of glass and plastic as materials for containers and Rubber as a materials for closures their merits and demerits, Introduction to aerosol packaging.

5. Size reduction objectives, and factors affecting size reduction, methods of size reduction- Study of hammer mill, Ball Mill, Fluid Energy Mill, Disintegrator.

6. Size separation – Size separation by sifting. Official Standards for Powders. Sedimentation methods for size separation. Construction and working of Cyclone separator.

7. Mixing and Homogenization- Liquid Mixing and Powder Mixing, Mixing of semisolids, Study of Silverson Mixer Homogenizer , Planetary Mixer colloid mill and Hand Homogenizer. Double Cone Mixer.

8. Clarification and Filtration – Theory of Filtration, Filter Media; Filter aids and selection of Filters. Study of following Filtration Equipments. Filter Press, Sintered Filters, Filter Candle, Metafilter.

9. Extraction and Galenicals :
(a) Study of Percolation and Maceration and there Modification, Continuous hot extraction. Application in the tinctures and extracts.
(b) Introduction To Ayurvedic Dosage Forms

10. Heat Processes Evaporation – Definition, Factors Affecting Evaporation. Study of Evaporating Still and Evaporating Pan.

11. Distillation- Simple Distillation and Fractional Distillation; Steam Distillation and Vacuumed Distillation. Study of vacuum still, Preparation of Purified Water I.P. and Water for injection I.P. Construction and Working of the still use for same.

12. Introduction to drying processes- Study of tray Dryers: Fluidized Bed Dryer, Vacuum Dryer and Freeze Dryer.

13. Sterilization- Concept of sterilization and its differences from disinfections. Thermal resistance of micro-organisms.
Detailed study of the following sterilization process.
(i) Sterilization with moist heat,
(ii) Dry heat sterilization,
(iii) Sterilization by radiation,
(iv) Sterilization by filtration and
(v) Gaseous sterilization.

Aseptic techniques. Application of sterilization processes in hospitals particularly with reference to surgical dressings and intravenous fluids. Precautions for safe and effective handling of sterilization equipment.

14. Processing of Tablets- Definition; Different types of compressed and their properties. Process involved in the production of tablets; Tablet excipients; Defects in tablets; Physical Standards including Disintegration and Dissolution. Tablet coating-Sugar coating; film coating, enteric coating and micro encapsulation. (Tablet coating may be dealt in an elementary manner.)

15. Processing of Capsules- Hard and soft gelatin capsules; different size of capsules; filling of capsules; handling and storage of capsules, Special applications of capsules.

16. Study of immunological products like sera, vaccines, toxoids & their preparations. PRACTICAL (100 hours)

Preparation (minimum number stated against each) of the following categories llustrating different techniques involved.
1. Aromatic waters
2. Solutions
3. Spirits
4. Tinctures
5. Extracts
6. Creams
7. Cosmetic preparations
8. Capsules
9. Tablets
10. Preparations involving Sterilization
11. Ophthalmic preparations
12. Preparations involving aseptic techniques Books Recommended : (Latest Edition) 1. Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences
2. The Extra Pharmacopoeia: Martindale

1. General Discussion on the following inorganic compounds including important physical chemical properties, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical uses, Storage condition and chemical incomparability.

(A) Acids, Bases and Buffers Boric acids, Hydrochloric acid, Strong ammonium Hydroxide and official buffers.

(B) Antioxidants Hypo phosphoric acid, Sulphur oxide, Sodium Bi sulphite, Sodium Meta bi sulphite, Sodium thiosulphite, Nitrogen and Sodium nitrites.

(C) GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS :
(I) Acidifying agents- Dilute Hydrochloric acid.
(II) Antacids & Sodium Bicarbonate, Aluminum Hydroxide gel, Aluminum Phosphate, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium trisilicate, Magnesium oxide, Combination of antacid Preparations.
(III) Protective and absorbents Bismuth Sub carbonate and Kaolin.
(IV) Saline Cathartics- Sodium Potassium Tartrate and Magnesium Sulphate.

(D) TOPICAL AGENTS :
(I) Protective talc, Zinc Oxide, Calamine, Zinc Stearate, Titanium dioxide, Silicon Polymers. (
II) Antimicrobials and Astringents- Hydrogen Peroxide*, Potassium Permanganate, Chlorinated Lime, Iodine, Solution of Iodine, Povidone Iodine, Boric acid, Borax. Silver nitrate, Mild Silver Protein, Mercury, Yellow mercuric Oxide, Ammoniated mercury.
(III) Sulpher and its compounds Sublimed Sulpher, Precipited Sulpher, Selenium Sulphide.
(IV) Astringent: Alum, Zinc Sulphate.

(E) Dental Products- Sodium Fluoride, Stannous Fluoride, Calcium Carbonate, Sodium MetaPhosphate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Stronium Chloride, Zinc Chloride.

(F) Inhalants Oxygen , Carbon-di-Oxide, Nitrous Oxide.

(G) Respiratory Stimulants- Ammonium carbonate

(H) Expectorants and Emetics- Ammonium chloride*, Potassium Iodide, Antimony Potassium Tartrate

(I) Antidotes – Sodium Nitrite.

(J) MAJOR INTRA AND EXTRACELLULAR ELECTROLYTES
(A) Electrolytes use for replacement therapy – Sodium chlorides and its Preparation, Potassium Chloride and Its Preparation.
(B) Physiological Acid base Balance and Electrolyte use- Sodium acetate, Potassium acetate Sodium Bicarbonate injection, Sodium citrate, Potassium Citrate, Sodium Lactate injection, Ammonium Chloride and its injection.
C) Combination of Oral Electrolyte Powders and solutions.
Inorganic Official Compound of Iron, iodine and calcium ferrous sulphate and calcium Gluconate. Radio Pharmaceuticals and contrast media radio activity- Alpha Beta Gamma Radiation, Biological Effects of Radiation, Measurement of Radioactivity,G.M. Counter Radioisotopes- Their Uses, Storage and Precautions With special reference to the official Preparations.

Radio Opaque Contrast Media –
Barium Sulphate Quality control of drugs and Pharmaceuticals- Importance of Quality control, Significant Error, Methods use for Quality Control, Sources of Impurities in Pharmaceuticals, and Limits Test for Arsenics, Chlorides sulphate, iron, and Heavy metals. Identification test for cations and anions as per Indian Pharmacopoeia.

PRACTICAL (75 hours)
Identification test for inorganic compounds particularly drugs and Pharmaceuticals. Limit test for chlorides, sulphate, Arsenic, Iron and Heavy metals

Assay of inorganic Pharmaceuticals involving each of the following methods of compound mark with (*) Under Theory.
a. Acid Base titration (At Least 03)
b. Redox Titration (one each of Permagnometry and Iodometry)
c. Precipitation titration (At Least 02)
d. Complexometric titration (Calcium and Magnesium)

BOOKS RECOMMANDED (Latest Edition) : Indian Pharmacopoeia

1. Definition History Scope of Pharmacognosy including indigenous System of Medicine.

2. Various System of Classification of Drug of Natural Origin

3. Adultration and drug Evaluation, Significance of Pharmacopoeial Standards.

4. Brief outline of occurrence, Difference, Outline of isolation, identification test, Therapeutics effects and Pharmaceutical applications of Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Glycosides, Volatile oils tannins and Resins.

5. Occurrences, distribution, Organoleptic Evaluation, chemical constituents including test, wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs.
a) Laxatives: Aloes, Rhubarb, Castor oil, Isapghual, Senna.
b) Cardiotonics: Digitalis, Arjuna.
c) Carminatives & G. I. Regulators- Umbeliferrous Fruits – Coriander, Fennel, Ajowan, Cardamom, Ginger, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Clove. d) Astringents - Catechu
e) Drug Acting on nervous system – Hyoscymus Belladonna, Aconite, Ashwgandha, Ephedra Opium, Cannabis.Nux Vomica
f) Antihypertensive- Rauwolfia.
g) Antitussives – Vasaka, Tolu Balsam, Tulsi.
h) Antirheumatics – Guggul, Colchicum i) Antitumer – Vinca
j) Antileprotic- Chaulmoogras Oil
k) Antidiabetics – Pterocarpus, Gymnema, Silvestre
l) Diuretics – Punarnava, Gokhru.
m) Antidysentrics – Ipecacunha
n) Antiseptic and Disinfectent- Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Curcuma.
o) Antimalarial – Cinchona
p) Oxytocics – Ergot
q) Vitamins – Shark Liver Oil and Amla.
r) Enzyme – Papaya, Diastase Yeast.
s) Perfumes and Flavouring Agent- Peppermint Oil, Lemon Oil, Orange Oil, Lemon Grass Oil, Sandalwood.
(t) Pharmaceutical aids – Honey. Arachis Oil, Starch, Kaolin, Pectin, Olive Oil, Lanolin, Bees-wax Acacia, Tragacanth, Sodium Alginate, Agar, Guar –gum, Gelatin. (u) Miscellaneous- Liquorices, Garlic, Picrorriza, Dioscorea, Linseed, Shatavary, Shankhpushpi, Pyrethrum Tobacco.

6. Collection and Preparation of crude drugs for market as exemplified by Ergot, Opium, Rauwolfia, Digitalis, Senna.

7. Study of Source, Preparation and Identification Fiber used in sutures and surgical dressings – Cotton, Silk, Wool and Regenerated Fibre.

8. Gross anatomical Studies of Senna, Dhatura Cinnamon, Cinchona, Fennel, Clove, Ginger, and Nux- Vomica & Ipecacunha. Practical (75 Hour)
1. Identification of drug Drug by morphological Characters.
2. Physical and chemical tests for Evalaution of drug wherever applicable.
3. Gross anatomical Studies(T. S.) of the following drugs : Senna, Dhatura, Cinnamon, Cinchona, Coriender, Fennel, Clove, Ginger, Nuxvomica. Ipecacunha.
4. Identification of fibres and surgical dressing.

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